What is the opposite of free trade?

The correct answer is protectionism, as it represents an economic policy aimed at shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition. Through various methods such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, protectionism seeks to limit imports and promote local businesses. This contrasts with free trade, which advocates for minimal restrictions or barriers to international trade, allowing goods and services to move freely across borders.

In contrast, global commerce, open markets, and international trade agreements all emphasize cooperation and the reduction of barriers in trade between countries, which is essentially the premise of free trade. Global commerce refers broadly to the exchange of goods and services on a worldwide scale, while open markets advocate for freedom in trade without restrictions. International trade agreements are treaties between countries to promote trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers, aligning closely with the principles of free trade. Therefore, protectionism stands out as the opposite policy approach, focusing instead on restricting trade to protect domestic industries.